Selenium Interview Questions and Solutions (Up to date 2022)

This weblog will information you thru the vital Selenium Interview Questions. The only goal is that can assist you brush up and ace the interview like a professional. However, earlier than we bounce into these questions, let’s perceive it from the roots.

1. Selenium Testing and Automation Testing Interview Questions
2. Primary Selenium Interview Questions for Freshers
3. Selenium Interview questions for Skilled Professionals
4. Selenium Webdriver Interview Questions
5. Steadily Requested Questions on Selenium

The essential part within the software program growth life cycle (SDLC) is Testing. There are two sorts of Testing.

1. Handbook Testing
   • It concerned the bodily execution of check case eventualities in opposition to the functions to detect the errors and bugs.
   • This posed a variety of challenges and heavy guide effort.
2. Automation Testing
   • However, Automation Testing offered us a method to automate the testing processes and elevated the demand.

In midst of all this, questions do come up like What’s Selenium? Why is it vital and so forth?

Selenium is an open-source, automated testing device that’s used to check net functions throughout numerous browsers. Nonetheless, the unhappy half is, it may possibly check solely net functions and never cell and desktop functions.

Among the main browser distributors adopted Selenium because the important a part of their browser and thus resulting in a rise in excessive demand for this.

Your complete set of Selenium interview questions consists of two sections.

In case you all are equipped, we will dive into essentially the most requested interview questions on Selenium.

Selenium Testing and Automation Testing Interview Questions

1. What’s Automation Testing?

The usage of automation instruments for writing and executing the check circumstances with no guide involvement for executing the Automated Check Suite is named Automation Testing. The Automation instruments are most well-liked by Testers to put in writing the check circumstances or check scripts after which group all of them into Check Suites. These instruments are designed to execute manually designed check circumstances with none human intervention. 

2. What are the benefits/advantages of Automation Testing?

This is without doubt one of the widespread interview questions. Among the benefits of Automation Testing embody:

• Save Cash and Time. 
• Automation Testing will increase the accuracy as there isn’t a probability for human errors.
• Code Reusability. Create as soon as and execute a number of occasions with Much less or no upkeep.
• Simple Reporting. Mechanically generates the stories after the execution of the check circumstances.
• Simple for Compatibility Testing by enabling the parallel execution together with OS and browser environments.
• Extra Dependable, Highly effective and Versatile.
• Automation Instruments permits us to combine with the Jenkins, GitHub and so forth.,
• Principally used for Regression Testing.
• Helps to observe the Check Protection and improve the check circumstances accordingly.

3. What number of Check circumstances have you ever automated per day?

This is without doubt one of the difficult Selenium interview questions. Truly, it depends upon the complexity and size of the Check case state of affairs. When the complexity is restricted, you possibly can automate two to 5 check circumstances and one or fewer check circumstances when the complexity is excessive in a day.

Primary Selenium Interview Questions for Freshers

4. What’s Selenium?

Selenium is without doubt one of the hottest automated Testing Suite. It’s a playback device to carry out useful testing with none data of a check scripting language. Selenium is the open-source, net UI-based automation testing suite. Jason Huggins developed this device in 2004 at ThoughtWorks. 

5. What are the totally different Selenium suite Parts?

Selenium isn’t just a single device or utility, fairly a package deal of a number of testing instruments and that’s why it’s known as Selenium Suite. Every of those instruments caters to totally different testing and testing environments.

It includes 4 main elements as follows,

1. Selenium Built-in Improvement Surroundings (IDE):

It’s distributed as a Firefox plugin that acts as a document and playback device. It’s developed to hurry up the creation of automation scripts.

2. Selenium Distant Management (RC):

Selenium Distant Management is a server with which the consumer can create the Check circumstances in any desired programming language. The instructions current within the check scripts are accepted by the server and despatched to the browsers because the Selenium core Java script instructions to keep up the browser habits accordingly.

3. Selenium Net driver:

Selenium Net Driver is a programming interface to create and run check circumstances. It supplies a method to act on numerous net parts. This Net driver doesn’t require one other server, in contrast to Selenium Distant Management.

4. Selenium Grid:

The Selenium Grid is used to distribute the instructions to the totally different machines concurrently. It paves a manner for the parallel execution of the check circumstances in several browsers and totally different environments. It achieves concurrency and integrity within the Check Suite Execution.

6. Why ought to I take advantage of Selenium?

• Open-source
• Giant help from the group and the consumer base is big
• Cross-browser compatibility (Firefox, Chrome, Edge and so forth.,)
• A number of programming language help (Python, Java, Perl and so forth.,)
• Day by day or common repository developments
• Distributed Testing can be supported.

7. What’s the main distinction between Selenium 3.0 and Selenium 2.0?

Selenium 2.0 represents the merger of the Authentic Selenium venture with the Net Driver venture. The Selenium RC bought deprecated however was used for backward compatibility.

Selenium 3.0 usually known as an extension of the Selenium 2.0 is inherently backward suitable with elevated stability and a number of other bug fixes and doesn’t contain the Selenium RC in any respect.

8. What do you imply by Selenese?

Selenese which is named the Selenium command is the set of the selenium instructions that run your check circumstances. For instance, open (URL) is a Selenium command which opens the required URL within the particular browser. A check script is the sequence of all these instructions put collectively. There are three sorts of Selenese. They’re,

1. Actions: We will use it to carry out interactions and operations on the goal parts
2. Accessors: These are used for storing the values within the variables.
3. Assertions: These can be utilized as checkpoints to maintain observe of the sequential move of instructions.

9. What number of parameters do selenium instructions have at a minimal?

There are 4 parameters that it’s essential to go in Selenium. They’re as follows,

We will bind the Selenium to a selected IP tackle as an alternative of a Native host in our native machine.

We will specify the port quantity too i.e., TCP/IP port to attach the Selenium exams to the Grid hub. We have to guarantee that there isn’t a different software with the identical port quantity up in some other location throughout the identical machine.

The browser during which the selenium scripts need to be executed.

The applying URL triggers the check circumstances inside that.

10. What’s the distinction between Absolute path and Relative Path?

Absolute Path: 

• This path begins from the basis node and ends with the specified parts node.
• It begins with a single slash (/)
• Instance: /html.physique/div/td/enter

Relative Path:

• This path begins from any node in between and to the specified parts node.
• It begins with a double slash (//)
• Instance: //enter/instance[@id=name]

11. What’s the distinction between Assert and Confirm statements in Selenium?

Assert:

• We will test whether or not a component is on the web page or not.
• The check fails and will get terminated each time there’s a fail within the test. That’s the program management move stops.

Confirm:

• It’s solely to specify whether or not the given situation is true or false.
• This system management move doesn’t cease as a consequence of this.

Total, the Confirm assertion doesn’t halt this system execution whereas the Assert assertion does halt the execution. 

12. What’s the distinction between findElement() and findElements()?

findElement() : 

It makes use of the given finding mechanism to seek out the primary component throughout the present web page and return a single net component.

findElements():

It additionally makes use of the given finding mechanism to seek out all the weather throughout the present web page and return the record of all net parts.

13. What are the verification factors which are out there in Selenium?

• Selenium IDE: Confirm and Assert instructions
• Selenium Net Driver: This doesn’t have any built-in options for verification and at all times depends upon our coding type. Some examples may be like checking the web page title, checking for sure textual content within the web page, checking for a sure component like textbox, dropdown, discipline and so forth.,

14. Clarify Implicit wait, Specific wait and Fluent wait?

We will set the timeout for a selected period of time for all of the successive net parts. On this specified time, the net driver searches for all the net parts earlier than throwing the NoSuchElementException. 

We will inform the Net Driver to attend for sure circumstances earlier than throwing the ElemntNotVisibleException.

It’s a slight extension for the express wait. Other than ready for sure circumstances to be met, we will additionally set the frequency with which we test the situation earlier than throwing the ElementNotVisibleException.

15. What’s the main distinction between driver.shut() and driver.stop()?

driver.shut():

It’s a command by which the present window may be closed. For instance, if we’ve a number of browser home windows open then, by utilizing this command we will shut the window with which the main focus is.

driver.stop():

This command closes all of the browser home windows that are open. For instance, if we’ve a number of browser home windows open then, this command can shut all of the home windows directly.

16. Can Selenium deal with windows-based pop-up?

As we already know that Selenium is an automation testing device that may work with solely net functions. Subsequently, the pop-up in home windows can’t be dealt with by Selenium. However, by integrating with the third-party instruments we will overcome this drawback.

17. What’s an Object Repository and Clarify how we will create the Object Repository in Selenium?

The gathering of net parts that belongs to the applying underneath check together with their locator values. That is also known as Object Repository. The one factor is the locators are saved in a centralized location than laborious coding them within the check scripts.

Whereas coming to Selenium, the objects may be saved in Excel additionally and can be utilized to populate them within the script each time required. 

18. What are the totally different sorts of frameworks?

The check knowledge of this sort is generated from exterior recordsdata like excel, CSV, XML, and so forth. The info referring to the check circumstances rely exterior on the enter and verification values maintained utilizing the variables.

• Key phrase-driven framework:

The info tables and the key phrases are developed independently of the automation check circumstances. On this framework, the performance of the check eventualities is documented within the desk step-by-step.

• Module-based testing framework:

Remoted and Logical modules are made out of the applying that’s underneath check. Unbiased check scripts are written for every module. These scripts are then clubbed collectively as an entire.

• Behaviour pushed testing framework:

The check scripts are written in such a manner that the automation is finished on the performance or options to make sure the readability, understanding, and reliability to both the enterprise specialists or builders, or different testers.

• Hybrid testing framework:

The mixture of greater than one of many above-mentioned frameworks by leveraging the advantages of every is named a Hybrid testing framework.

19. What’s the same-origin coverage? How can we keep away from it?

This coverage is launched for safety causes.

• By this coverage, it ensures that we can not entry the script from one other website.
• The supply code which is loaded throughout the browser can solely be operated inside that web site’s area.
• This coverage may be averted by utilizing the proxy-injection technique. On this technique, the browser is tricked utilizing the Selenium’s server to be an actual URL (fictional URL).

20. What’s the distinction between the getwindowhandle() and getwindowhandles()?

getwindowhandles(): That is used to get the tackle of all of the open browsers and returns the information kind of Set<String>.

getwindowhandle(): That is used to get the tackle of the present browser window the place it’s targeted on and returns the information kind of String.

21. What are the various kinds of Annotations utilized in Selenium?

Syntactic metadata may be added to the Java supply code which is named annotations. They are often added on variables, parameters, packages, lessons and so forth., A few of them that are utilized in Selenium embody,

@Earlier than, @Check, @After

22. What’s the distinction between setSpeed() and sleep() strategies?

These strategies will delay the velocity of the execution. 

Thread.sleep(): The present thread will cease for a specified time period. It solely waits as soon as when the command is given. It takes solely a single argument that’s Integer format.

set sleep(): This command will cease the execution for each selenium command. This command is used just for demonstration functions and in addition for a sluggish net software.

23. Record the benefits of Net driver over Selenium server?

• If Selenium net driver is used, then no want to make use of the dependency of the selenium server.
• Selenium server supplies us with the performance of Selenium RC for the backward compatibility.
• Selenium server acts as a middleware for the communication between browsers and the applying. Whereas, the Selenium net driver instantly calls the browser to help automation.

Selenium Interview Questions for Skilled Professionals

24. How will you retailer a price in a textual content field?

A command which might retailer the worth from the textual content field utilizing an internet driver.

For instance, 

driver.findElement(By.id(“your Textbox”)).sendKeys(“your key phrase”);

25. How will you debug the exams within the Selenium IDE?

• We have to first insert the breakpoints the place we have to debug and execute the check step-by-step. 
• Later, Run the check case.
• After this, the execution stops on the level the place the breakpoint is saved.
• You’ll be able to click on on the Run button to proceed the execution of all of the instructions sequentially.

26. What are common expressions and How will you use common expressions in Selenium?

The Search patterns are represented utilizing the particular Textual content string known as the common expressions. Regexp is the key phrase that can be utilized as a prefix to deal with a textual content in Selenium as a daily expression.

27. How will you deal with working with a number of home windows in Selenium?

selectWindow() command in Selenium can be utilized to change among the many working home windows. The distinguishing issue amongst all of the home windows is the title of the window.

28. How can the message within the alert field be retrieved?

storeAlert() command can be utilized to retrieve the message from the alert pop-up and retailer it in a variable.

29. How will you confirm the precise place of an internet component?

verifyElementPositionLeft and verifyElementPositionTop instructions are used. These use the pixel comparability by figuring out the place of the component from the left and prime of the net web page respectively.

30. Why will we use Selenium RC?

• Selenium IDE has the constraints which Selenium RC can diminish by way of browser help and language help.
• IDE doesn’t help many capabilities like Logging, iterations, conditional statements, check case outcomes reporting and so forth., because it helps solely HTML Language.
• That’s why the Selenium RC is used to speak with the opposite languages like Perl, Python and so forth.,

31. What are the benefits or Advantages of Selenium RC?

Benefits or Advantages of RC embody,

• Knowledge may be learn or write to or from .xlsx, .csv, .txt and so forth.,
• Dynamic objects and Ajax based mostly UI parts may be dealt with.
• Conditional statements and Iterations functionalities can be utilized to enhance and improve efficiency and adaptability.
• Assist for any programming languages and Working techniques.
• Selenium RC can be utilized on any browser which is enabled with Java script.

32. Are you able to record the Technical limitations whereas utilizing the Selenium RC?

• Identical origin coverage
• Something exterior the browser can be restricted to entry within the check state of affairs execution.

33. What’s the want to make use of the TestNG with Selenium RC?

If the requirement of the automation check suite is meant to work in opposition to the totally different servers and consumer platforms then, we have to invoke the check circumstances from the command line. Additionally, we do want the check case outcomes stories periodically to make estimates and in addition implement the pliability on find out how to create the exams. Such type of flexibility is offered by the TestNG.

34. Which Language do you utilize to implement check case suites in Selenium?

Essentially the most most well-liked language to implement Selenium is Python over Java. It is because,

• Java packages do run slower when in comparison with the Python packages.
• The implementation and the complexity of each are fairly totally different and Python works nicely.
• Python is dynamically typed whereas Java is statically typed.
• Java is just not easier and compact to put in writing check circumstances when in comparison with python.

35. What are Breakpoints and Begin factors in Selenium?

The move of execution is stopped utilizing the breakpoints. By doing this we will confirm that the code is working in an anticipated method or not.

The purpose from the place the execution ought to start is set by the beginning factors. While you wish to run a check script from the center of the code or a breakpoint, we use these.

36. How is the specified functionality helpful by way of Selenium?

A collection of key-value pairs can be utilized to retailer info just like the browser identify, browser model, the trail of the browser driver within the system, and so forth., to find out the habits of the browser on the run-time. This characteristic or performance is often known as desired functionality.

For Selenium,

The driving force occasion may be configured utilizing this.

It comes into apply if you wish to run the check circumstances in several working techniques, browsers, and variations.

37. When do you utilize AutoIT?

As we already know that Selenium is used solely to automate net functions. But when we wish to deal with or handle or keep the GUI, HTML pop-ups then, we want using AutoIT.

38. Are you able to point out why do you want the Session dealing with in Selenium?

Session dealing with is essential whereas working with Selenium. It is because whereas working with the check case eventualities we have to set up the communication between the browser and the applying whereas executing the instructions. There may be a problem the place whereas working a selected check script, one other check script may be triggered throughout the identical host and identical kind of browser. That is crucial half and the rationale why we want the session dealing with.

39. Are you able to automate CAPTCHA?

The reply is No. We can not automate CAPTCHA in Selenium. The idea of CAPTCHA is to make sure that the bots or automated check scripts mustn’t have entry to delicate info, and that’s the reason we can not automate it. The captcha must be manually typed with a purpose to proceed the move of execution of the check suite.

40. How will we launch totally different browsers in Selenium?

• A driver occasion must be created for a selected browser which we have to work upon. 
• WebDriver driver = new FireFoxDriver();
• WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
• Right here, the WebDriver is the interface the place the Firefox, chrome and all different browser driver implementations are made.

41. What’s Locator and How do you find a component in Selenium?

The weather of the net web page are discovered and matched utilizing locators to work together with. There are totally different sorts of locators to establish various kinds of parts on the net web page. They’re as follows,

• ID
• Title
• Class
• Partial Hyperlink
• XPath
• CSS Selector
• Hyperlink Textual content

42. Why do you select Selenium over QTP (Fast Check Skilled)?

Selenium Webdriver Interview Questions

43. What are the challenges and Limitations of the Selenium Net Driver?

As everyone knows that the Selenium Net Driver is used to imitate the actual consumer actions on the net within the browser. Among the challenges of Selenium are as follows,

1. Not suitable to check the Home windows or Desktop functions.
2. Additionally, can’t be used to check the Cellular functions.
3. No Constructed-in reporting and it have to be built-in with the opposite instruments to acquire the stories.
4. Assist for Picture Testing is restricted.
5. The consumer ought to have prior programming data.
6. Since it’s open-source, there isn’t a vendor help.

44. What are the Testing varieties which are supported by Selenium?

Regression Testing and Practical Testing are majorly supported by Selenium.

1. Regression Testing:

All of the Check circumstances are executed repeatedly both partially or as a full to make sure that the present functionalities are working as designed. It consists of the next steps,

• Re-testing: All of the check circumstances within the Check Suite are executed which proves to be time-consuming and costly.
• Regression Check case Choice: The check circumstances are categorised or categorized as options exams, integration exams and so forth., and a few check circumstances are chosen.
• Prioritization of Check circumstances: The check circumstances which are chosen are prioritized based mostly on the essential functionalities and enterprise influence.

2. Practical Testing:

On this, all of the capabilities within the software are verified with a selected requirement. That is primarily the black-box testing as it isn’t involved concerning the supply code of the applying. It consists of the next steps,

• Check Enter is recognized.
• Check End result is computed.
• The check case is executed
• The precise final result and the check final result are in contrast accordingly.

45. Clarify various kinds of Exceptions in Selenium Net driver?

The Exceptions within the Selenium net driver are additionally much like the exceptions in some other programming language like Java, C#, and so forth., Among the most typical exceptions are as follows,

• TimeOutException: This exception may be thrown when a selected operation can’t be accomplished in a specified or stipulated time.
• NoSuchElementException: When a component within the given set of attributes is just not current on the net web page then, this exception may be thrown.
• ElementNotVisibleException: There may be circumstances the place a selected component may be current within the DOM (Doc Object Mannequin) however not seen on the net web page. In such circumstances, this exception may be thrown.
• StaleElementException: When a component is both deleted or now not current within the DOM then, this exception may be thrown. We usually face this exception when the component we’re interacting with is both destroyed or recreated once more. 

46. Which API is used for database testing within the Selenium net driver?

JDBC (Java Database connectivity) is used for database testing in Selenium. This enables us to put in writing the SQL (Structured Question Language) queries and execute them.

47. Are you able to write a small code snippet to launch a Chrome browser in Net Driver?

public class ChromeBrowserLaunchDemo {  
  
public static void predominant(String[] args) {  
  
//Making a driver object referencing WebDriver interface  
WebDriver driver;  
  
//Setting the webdriver.chrome.driver property to its executable's location  
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/lib/chromeDriver/chromedriver.exe");  
      
//Instantiating driver object  
driver = newChromeDriver();  
  
//Utilizing get() technique to open a webpage  
driver.get("http://javatpoint.com");  
  
//Closing the browser  
Driver.stop();  
}  
  
}  

48. Are you able to point out the challenges you face when dealing with the Ajax calls in Selenium Net driver?

The next are the challenges we face whereas dealing with the AJAX calls,

• Pause command in Ajax calls is just not standard and dependable in dealing with. Lengthy pauses do trigger the check case execution will increase the time of execution. We will use the waitForCondition as an alternative to check the AJAX functions.
• Assessing the danger related to these functions is troublesome.
• Encoding and Serialization within the AJAX functions make it troublesome in growing the automation check case eventualities.

49. Are you able to clarify how will you deal with colors in net driver?

We will use the command getCssValue(arg0) to fetch the colours by sending the colour because the argument.

50. Which implementation of the net driver is the quickest?

The online driver implementation HTML Unit Driver is the quickest of all. It is because this driver doesn’t execute the exams within the browser however fairly, executes solely the plain HTTP which is fast sooner as anticipated.

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Additionally Learn High Frequent Interview Questions

Steadily Requested Questions on Selenium

What are the vital matters in selenium?

• Selenium Webdriver 3. x.
• Distinction between selenium variations like IDE, RC, WEB DRIVER
• Selenium lessons/interface/strategies hierarchy from prime to backside
• Selenium GRID implementation for native and distant nodes.
• Java Ideas intimately.
• TestNG Framework.
• Superior Reporting.
• Web page Object Mannequin.
• Web page Manufacturing unit Framework.
• Knowledge-Pushed Framework.
• Utilizing reflection within the Web page Object framework for creating pages dynamically.
• Selenium utilization with Docker.
• Selenium JSON wire protocol particulars.
• The Selenium integration with totally different instruments like JMeter, cucumber, AutoIt, Jenkins.
• Selenium frameworks like web page manufacturing unit, hybrid and so forth.

What can Selenium be used for?

Selenium is used for automation testing on numerous net browsers equivalent to  Chrome, Mozilla, Firefox, Safari, and IE. With the assistance of a selenium net driver, one can simply automate browser testing.

What are selenium instructions?

What are the fundamentals of selenium?

Selenium was initially developed by Jason Huggins in 2004 as an inside device as an open-source Net UI for automation testing. Selenium helps automation throughout totally different browsers equivalent to  Web Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Safari, platforms equivalent to Home windows, Linux, Solaris, and Macintosh, and programming languages equivalent to C#, Java, Perl, PHP, Python and Ruby and now it’s also fashionable with Java and c#.

What are the disadvantages of selenium?

• Can’t depend on technical Assist – As it’s open-source software program, it’s laborious to depend on technical help.
• It helps Net-based functions solely.
• Selenium takes extra time to create check circumstances because it has a programming interface solely.
• Tough to arrange Check Surroundings with instruments like UFT, RFT, SilkTest and so forth.
• Restricted help for Picture Testing.
• New options might not work correctly.
• No Check Software integration for Check Administration.
• No Constructed-in reporting facility.

Why is selenium so fashionable?

• Transparency
• Platform Unbiased
• Quickens TTM and TTD
• Fosters Steady Integration Efforts
• Visibility in Finish-to-Finish Testing
• Reduces Turnaround Time
• Integration With Different Instruments

Is Selenium a framework?

Sure, selenium is a software program testing framework for net functions that permits you to automate net app testing. With languages like Java, Python, Ruby, C#, you possibly can write check scripts to run in opposition to browsers and VMs.

Which language is finest for selenium?

Python and Ruby are one of the best binding languages for selenium as software program might routinely load the motive force whether it is current in the identical folder as your system or within the python path.
Others:

• Java: Java stays the most well-liked programming language for check automation however not good as it isn’t a scripting language
• JavaScript: JavaScript is used for check automation by 35% of our customers writing their exams on this language.

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